The Importance of Outdoor Playing

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MAGYARUL OLVASNI

In a world where playing outdoors is being replaced more and more by indoor or technology assisted activities, what is there to lose for the children?

Firstly, is the time kids spent outside really decreasing?
Research shows that as early as the `99s, 40% of Japanese children from metropolitan and rural areas preferred playing indoors rather than outdoors, and 70% said that what they do most with their free time is watching TV1. A study from 2004 shows that only around a third of the children in US play outside daily. These kids spend 29% less time than their guardians when they were little, playing chasing and fleeing games. Moreover, only a bit over a half of them are playing make-believe games regularly2.
Considering that these data are pretty old, we might be thinking that things got better in the last years. Well, guess again. A British survey shows in 2016 that almost three quarters of the UK children spend less time outdoor than prison inmates3.

Is this really something we should worry about?
Playing outside helps children learn necessary and useful skills for their adult life, including social competence, problem solving, creative thinking and safety skills4,5,6. The decrease in children engaged in imaginative play is also of concern because made-up games influence how kids understand society, their inventiveness, language development, the use of symbols, their ability to understand the world and it gives opportunities for the young ones to imitate and interpret adult behaviour7,8,9,10.

While getting muddy and discovering nature your children also grow emotionally and academically by developing an appreciation for the environment, engaging in imaginative play, developing initiative and understanding basic academic concepts such as objects’ proprieties or using simple tools to get a task done7,8,11.
Between the ages of 3 and 12, a child’s body is getting through its greatest physical growth that comes with a urge to run, climb and jump12,13,14. By providing your children a proper environment for doing this freely you do not only help them grow strong, but also support the healthy development of their heart, lungs and other vital organs. Take the digestive system as an example, active play stimulates it and helps improve appetite, ensuring continued strength and bodily growth15,16.

What can we do about it?
Fortunately, putting together some outdoor activities to enjoy with your children is not complicated nor is it expensive. Actually, it is way cheaper than most toys or electronic games. All you need is a bit of time and imagination. Here are some suggestions of seasonal activities recommended in Jennifer Ward’s book17 to boost your kid’s creativity, curiosity, observation skills, imagination, physical condition, ability to relax, knowledge of objects proprieties, basic knowledge about natural phenomena, sense of adventure, awareness and appreciation of animal and plant life and much more.

Springtime play:

• Go to a close-by park or forest and have your children look for the first signs of Spring. You could also organize a scavenger hunt: how many spring signs can you spot? Look in detail, observe tree trunks or sidewalk cracks. This is a great opportunity to explain a bit about how nature comes to life in Spring. It helps with relaxation, exploration sense, and is likely to stir curiosity.
• Show your kids a tree. Observe it together. Ask them if they can try and stand like a tree, or move like one in the wind. Explain to them that tree leaves clean the air we breathe, that branches are great homes for birds and that wood is very useful for building houses and furniture and also for making paper. Have them hug the tree if they want to. This way children’s appreciation, awareness and understanding of plant life can increase.
• Grab your rubber boots and go puddle jumping. You can also have your child find different natural objects to throw it in the puddle to observe how the water surface reacts differently. It’s also a good time to talk to them about water, and how only a small part of it on earth is drinkable. More than a good physical exercise, this activity can increase the sense of wonder in your child, their appreciation for water sources and their wish for experimenting the outside world.

Summertime games:

• How about digging some dirt? As simple as it sounds, getting muddy and building mud shapes, pressing different objects on fresh mud and observing their prints can stimulate creative playing and problem solving skills. Don’t be afraid to get your hands dirty. Show your kids what they can do with just some water and dirt and answer to the questions that pop up during playtime.
• Making a miniature garden is really easy and could be a blast for your young ones. Have them put on one of their hands an old wool sock or wool glove then run through tall grass brushing their hand through it. Also have them gently run their covered hand through flowers that are past their blooming stage. You will soon see small seeds gathering on the glove. Take it home, fill it together with some soil and put it in a sunny place. Water it daily and wait to see what it grows. Beyond the physical activity benefits, your child could understand better the concept of how plants are born, his or her appreciation for nature might grow and so might his sense of wonder.
• Star-gazing on a warm summer night is also a good idea. Tell them a bit about stars. The blue ones are the hottest and the red ones are the coolest. Demonstrate with an object how distance makes huge stars look like small dots from Earth. This stimulates imagination, wonder and trains the observation skills.

Autumn activities:

• Play some camouflage hide-and-seek. Talk about how animals blend in in their environments in order to hide or get food. Have your child try to hide in a place that fits the color of their clothes. This can help with understanding survival skills in animals, it is a good physical activity, and trains observation skills and creative problem solving.
• Observe gravity. Look with your children for things that have been affected by the gravitational power (leaves, things that you throw in the air, even yourselves when you jump). Talk to them about how Earth attracts smaller things that are near it. You can also tell them that the gravity on moon is 3 times weaker, and that if an elephant gets to the moon, it will weight 3 times less. This is a good example of discovery through experimentation.
• Look at the clouds with the young ones. Lay on the ground and look at the sky. Let them find different cloud shapes. Play an imagination game: How would it be to travel on a cloud? Where would you go? What could you see from up there? This helps with creativity and relaxation.

Winter to-do list

• Have your kids “cook” some bird food (mix some sunflower seeds, peanuts, bread crumbles). Go outside and put it in places where the birds can get it. You can also build a snowman and place the meal on the branches you use for the arms. Through this activity you can help with your children’s stewardship for the living things. Explain to them that during winter most of the animal have very little food and this is a way to have fun while helping small living beings.
• Build an obstacle snow course. This is a fun and adventurous activity that implies creative play and physical exercise.
• Can your children find bird or animal snow-tracks? Can they make their own? How about some snow-angels? While searching for signs of passers-by, the kids train their observation skills.

These are only some of the things you can do with your kids to show them the wonders of outside playing. You can always take a break from your busy life and spend some quality time bonding with them.    
Have the advantage of enjoying the fresh air while helping your children to learn new things.

Author: Alexandra

Bibliography:
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1. Benesse Corporation (1999) Kodomo tachi no asobi monogurafu shogakusei nau [Children’s play in elementary grade schools], vol. 19(1). Tokyo: Benesse Educational Research Center.

2. Clements, R. (2004). An investigation of the status of outdoor play. Contemporary issues in early childhood, 5(1), 68-80.
3. Survey commissioned by the laundry detergent brand Persil as a part of its "Dirt is Good" campaign supported by previous work, including government reports
4. Miller, K. (1989) The Outside Play and Learning Book: activities for young children. Beltsville: Gryphon House.
5. Moore, R.C. & Wong, H.H. (1997) Natural Learning: the life history of an environmental schoolyard. Berkeley: MIG.

6. Rivkin, M.S. (1995) The Great Outdoors: restoring children’s right to play outside. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Children.
7. Guddemi, M. & Eriksen, A. (1992) Designing Outdoor Learning Environments for and with Children, Dimensions of Early Childhood, 20(4), pp. 15-24.
8. Singer, D. & Singer, J. (2000) Make-believe: games and activities for imaginative play. Washington, DC: Magination Press.
9. Bergen, D. (2002) The Role of Pretend Play in Children’s Cognitive Development, Early Childhood Research and Practice, 4(1). Available at: www. ecrp.uiuc.edu/v4n1/ bergen.html
10. Perry, J.P. (2003) Making Sense of Outdoor Pretend Play, Young Children, 58(3), pp. 26-30.
11. Kosanke, N. & Warner, N. (1990) Creative Play Areas. Nashville: School-Age Notes.
12. Noland, M., Danner, F., Dewalt, K., McFadden, M. & -Kotchen, J.M. (1990) The Measurement of Physical Activity in Young Children, Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 61, pp. 146-153.
13. Kalish, S. (1995) Your Child’s Fitness: practical advice for parents. Champaign: Human Kinetics.
14. Cooper, K.H., Schwarzenegger, A. & Proctor, W. (1999) Fit Kids! The Complete Shape-up Program from Birth Through High School. Nashville: Broadman & Holman.
15. Clements, R. (1998) Wanted: strong children with healthy imaginations, Playground Post (Long Island: Playground Environments)
16. Pica, R. (2003) Your Active Child: how to boost physical, emotional, and cognitive development through age-appropriate activity. Chicago: Contemporary Books.
17. Ward, J. (2008). I love dirt!: 52 activities to help you and your kids discover the wonders of nature. Shambhala Publications.